ABSTRACT Introduction: Frailty, understood as a state of vulnerability and prediscapability in the geriatric patient, is associated with a significant increase in the risk of morbidity and mortality, and with it an important impact on the quality of life and functionality of elderly with chronic diseases and/or degenerative. In this sense, it has been verified how physical exercise appears as an optimal non-pharmacological tool to preserve and / or improve the quality of life of the elderly. Objectives: To analyze the influence of the practice of multicomponent physical exercise in improving the frailty state of the elderly enrolled in maintenance gym classes. Methods: Crosssectional and analytical study that evaluated (pre- and postprogram) the level of frailty, physical condition and vital signs of 118 elderly people. All participants received 12-week multicomponent physical exercise training 3 hours a week, lasting one hour. Results: Data show improvement in physical condition after the intervention program regardless of the starting physical level. On the other hand, a decrease in the number of pre-fragile people was observed after the program. Conclusions: Multicomponent physical exercise programs optimize quality of life, improve health, and prevent frailty in the elderly.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fragilidad, entendida como un estado de vulnerabilidad y prediscapacidad en el paciente geriátrico, lleva asociada un aumento significativo del riesgo de morbimortalidad y, con ello, un impacto importante en la calidad de vida y la funcionalidad de las personas mayores con enfermedades crónicas y/o degenerativas. En este sentido, se ha constatado como el ejercicio físico aparece como una herramienta óptima no farmacológica para preservar y/o mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. Objetivos: Analizar la influencia de la práctica de ejercicio físico multicomponente en la mejora del estado de fragilidad de las personas mayores inscritas en clases de gimnasia de mantenimiento. Metodología: Estudio transversal y analítico que evaluó (pre- y posprograma) el nivel de fragilidad, la condición física y las constantes vitales de 118 personas mayores. Todos los participantes recibieron un entrenamiento de ejercicio físico multicomponente durante 12 semanas con una frecuencia de 3 días por semana con 1 h de duración. Resultados: Los datos muestran mejora en la condición física tras el programa de intervención con independencia del nivel físico de partida. Por otro lado, se observó una disminución del número de personas prefrágiles tras el programa. Conclusiones: los programas de ejercicio físico multicomponente optimizan la calidad de vida, mejoran la salud, y previenen la fragilidad de las personas mayores.

Abstract Introduction: Delirium is considered one of the great geriatric syndromes due to the impact on the behavior of patients and the confusion and frustration that it causes in professionals and family members. Objective: identify and describe the predictors of the risk of developing delirium in hospitalized octogenarian patients with hip fracture. Methodology: prospective cohort study carried out with a sample of 287 ortho-geriatric patients (87.2 ± 3.2 years), recruited from the Traumatology Unit of the University Hospital of León (Spain). Predisposing, precipitating and risk factors were included, including sociodemographic, baseline, surgical, pharmacological comorbidities and complications variables. Results: the results of the study show that the presence of anemia, ASA (in category 3-4), cognitive impairment, UTI, visual disturbances and RAO, variables, in this order, can be considered as predictive variables of delirium in hospitalized octogenarian patients with fracture of hip. Conclusion: this study shows that the type of predictive factors that most impact the development of delirium could be controlled from the moment the patient is hospitalized. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the effect of confusion that usually causes this syndrome in patients, family members, and health professionals.

Resumen Introducción: El delirium es considerado como uno de los grandes síndromes geriátricos por el impacto sobre el comportamiento de los pacientes y el desconcierto y frustración que origina en los profesionales y familiares. Objetivo: identificar y describir los factores predictores del riesgo de desarrollar delirium en pacientes octogenarios hospitalizados con fractura de cadera. Método: estudio de cohorte, prospectivo realizado con una muestra de 287 pacientes (87.2 ± 3.2 años) ortogeriátricos reclutados de la Unidad de Traumatología del Hospital Universitario de León (España). Se incluyeron factores predisponentes, precipitantes y de riesgo que incluyen variables sociodemográficas, basales, quirúrgicas, farmacológicas, comorbilidades y complicaciones. Resultados: la presencia de anemia, ASA (en categoría 3-4) deterioro cognitivo, ITU, alteraciones visuales y RAO, por este orden, pueden ser consideradas como variables predictivas del delirium en pacientes octogenarios hospitalizados con fractura de cadera. Conclusión: el tipo de factores predictivos que más impactan en el desarrollo del delirium podrían ser controlados desde el mismo momento de la hospitalización del paciente. Por consiguiente, es posible minimizar el efecto de desconcierto que ocasiona habitualmente el cuadro en pacientes, familiares y sanitarios.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Determinar boas práticas para a recuperação da ambulação de octogenárias posterior à alta hospitalar após cirurgia por fratura da pelve. METODOLOGIA: Um estudo prospectivo realizado no segundo semestre de 2019 com 192 mulheres (85,95 ± 5,1 anos) com fratura da pelve. O histórico médico, tipo de fratura, complicações, tratamento cirúrgico, e avaliação do nível de ambulação foram registrados antes da alta hospitalar e após seis meses. RESULTADOS: De todas as pacientes, 100 viviam com a família e 92 em alguma instituição, 68.2% tinham fratura peritrocantérica e uma média de 3,7 comorbidades; todas receberam anastesia espinhal e ficaram internadas por 11,4 dias em média. Após seis meses, as pacientes apresentaram uma perda significativa da independência funcional em relação à situação anterior à fratura, tanto em relação à capacidade de ambulação e atividades cotidianas. É importante ressaltar que o prognóstico negativo em relação à recuperação da ambulação está relacionado a níveis intermediários de ambulação e que o nível funcional de saída tem menor influência do que o local onde a recuperação é feita. CONCLUSÃO: A idade é um fator que influencia a recuperação de fraturas da pelve. Porém, há outros fatores com influência, já que as pacientes que ficam com familiares têm um prognostico funcional melhor do que aquelas que se recuperam em instituições, após seis meses da alta hospitalar.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Determine good recovery practices for ambulation of octogenarian women after hospital discharge after being operated on for hip fracture. METHODS: Prospective study during the second half of 2019, with 192 women (85.95 ± 5.1 years) with hip fracture. A medical history, fracture types, complications, surgical treatment, and assessment of the level of ambulation were recorded before and after six months of hospital discharge. RESULTS: 100 patients lived in the family home and 92 in an institutional center, 68.2% provided pertrochanteric fracture and a total of 3.7 comorbidities, all of them received spinal anesthesia and were admitted an average of 11.4 days. After six months, the patients showed a significant loss of functional independence with respect to the situation prior to the fracture, both for the ability to wander and for activities of daily living. It is noteworthy that the worst prognosis in the recovery of ambulation has to do with intermediate levels of ambulation and that the functional level of departure influences to a lesser extent than the place where they perform the recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Age is a factor that influences the recovery of hip fracture, but there are other influential factors since patients who remain in the family home have a better functional prognosis than those who recover in institutionalized centers, after six months of hospital discharge.

Abstract Objective: To identify the main clinical, functional and cognitive characteristics of hospitalized octogenarian women diagnosed with hip fracture at the University Hospital of León (Spain). In addition, to determine the influence home, to which patients are transferred upon discharge from the recovery from wandering. Method: Prospective descriptive pilot study cross-sectional analysis of the physiological characteristics of hospitalized older women with a diagnosis of hip fracture at the Hospital de León. Results: It included 96 women with an average age of 85.95 ± 5.1 years. The total number of comorbidities presented by patients was 3.7. The most common type of fracture frequent was the pertrochanteric. All patients worsened with respect to the capacity of basal wandering, finding the greatest differences in those who were institutionalized as opposed to those who remained at their usual residence. Conclusions: The address to which patients are transferred when they are discharged from hospital is a determining factor in the recovery of mobility and independence of themselves. In this regard, it is important to note that the usual practice of institutionalisation of older people after a hip fracture is associated with a worse recovery.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las principales características clínicas, funcionales y cognitivas de las mujeres octogenarias hospitalizadas con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera en el Hospital Universitario de León (España). Además, determinar la influencia del domicilio, al que se trasladan los pacientes al recibir el alta hospitalaria en la recuperación de la deambulación. Método: Estudio piloto prospectivo descriptivo transversal que analiza las características fisiológicas de mujeres mayores hospitalizadas con diagnóstico de fractura de cadera en el Hospital de León. Resultados: Se incluyeron 96 mujeres con una edad media de 85,95 ± 5,1 años. El número total de comorbilidades presentadas por las pacientes fue de 3,7. El tipo de fractura más frecuente fue la pertrocantérica. Todos los pacientes empeoraron respecto a la capacidad de deambulación basal, encontrando las mayores diferencias en los que fueron institucionalizados frente a los que permanecieron en su residencia habitual. Conclusiones: El domicilio al que se trasladan los pacientes al recibir el alta hospitalaria es un factor determinante para la recuperación de la movilidad e independencia de los mismos. En este sentido, es importante señalar que la práctica habitual de institucionalización de las personas mayores después de una fractura de cadera se asocia con una peor recuperación.

ABSTRACT Background: The Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera or RNFC) is a Spanish, prospective, multi-centric registry, commenced in 2017. The goal of this paper is to present the data from the first annual report and to compare them with autonomic registries and recent prospective multi-centric studies performed in Spain. Methods: We included persons 75 years or older treated for fragility hip fractures in any of the centers participating in the RNFC between January and October 2017. The descriptive statistics of each variable used the mean (and standard deviation) or the median (and interquartile ranges) for the ordinal variables and the percentage for the categoric variables. A descriptive analysis of the casemix was performed and compared with available data from the aforementioned studies. Results: The RNFC included 7.208 patients from 54 hospitals, with a mean age of 86.7 (SD 5.6) years; 75.4% were women, and 36.4% showed cognitive decline. Mean surgical delay was 75.7 (SD 63.6) hours, and length of stay averaged 10.9 (SD 6.7) days. Of the patients who lived at home (75.4%), less than half (37.0%) returned home at discharge. One-month mortality was 7.1%. Comparison with other studies showed important differences, especially regarding patients newly sent to nursing homes (7.7-29.4%) and with anti-osteoporotic treatment at discharge (14.5-36.7%). Conclusions: The RNFC is the largest prospective database to date that offers data regarding the characteristics of patients hospitalized for hip fractures in Spain. Comparison with recent studies showed some important differences.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: El Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera (RNFC) es un registro español multicéntrico, prospectivo y continuo, que comenzó en 2017. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar los datos del primer informe anual y compararlos con los registros autonómicos y los estudios multicéntricos realizados recientemente en España. Métodos: Se incluyeron las personas de 75 años o más atendidas con el diagnóstico de fractura de cadera por fragilidad en alguno de los hospitales participantes en el RNFC, entre enero y octubre de 2017. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la media y desviación estándar o mediana y rangos intercuartílicos para las variables numéricas y los porcentajes para las variables categóricas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo global de la casuística y se comparó con los datos disponibles de los estudios previos mencionados. Resultados: Se registraron 7.208 personas de 54 hospitales, con una edad media de 86,7 años (DE 5,6). El 75,4% fueron mujeres y el 36,4% presentaron deterioro cognitivo previo. La demora quirúrgica media fue de 75,7 horas (DE 63,6) y la estancia media fue de 10,9 días (DE 6,7). De las personas que vivían en un domicilio antes de la fractura (75,4%), menos de la mitad (37,0%) volvieron a él tras el alta hospitalaria. Al mes, había fallecido el 7,1%. La comparación con los otros estudios mostró algunas diferencias importantes, sobre todo en la ubicación previa, en el porcentaje de pacientes institucionalizados de novo (7,7-29,4%) y en el porcentaje con tratamiento antiosteoporótico al alta (14,5-36,7%). Conclusiones: El RNFC es la mayor base de datos prospectiva que aporta datos sobre el perfil de los pacientes hospitalizados por fractura de cadera en España. La comparación con otros estudios recientes muestra algunas diferencias importantes.

ABSTRACT Background: The Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera or RNFC) is a Spanish, prospective, multi-centric registry, commenced in 2017. The goal of this paper is to present the data from the first annual report and to compare them with autonomic registries and recent prospective multi-centric studies performed in Spain. Methods: We included persons 75 years or older treated for fragility hip fractures in any of the centers participating in the RNFC between January and October 2017. The descriptive statistics of each variable used the mean (and standard deviation) or the median (and interquartile ranges) for the ordinal variables and the percentage for the categoric variables. A descriptive analysis of the casemix was performed and compared with available data from the aforementioned studies. Results: The RNFC included 7.208 patients from 54 hospitals, with a mean age of 86.7 (SD 5.6) years; 75.4% were women, and 36.4% showed cognitive decline. Mean surgical delay was 75.7 (SD 63.6) hours, and length of stay averaged 10.9 (SD 6.7) days. Of the patients who lived at home (75.4%), less than half (37.0%) returned home at discharge. One-month mortality was 7.1%. Comparison with other studies showed important differences, especially regarding patients newly sent to nursing homes (7.7-29.4%) and with anti-osteoporotic treatment at discharge (14.5-36.7%). Conclusions: The RNFC is the largest prospective database to date that offers data regarding the characteristics of patients hospitalized for hip fractures in Spain. Comparison with recent studies showed some important differences.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: El Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera (RNFC) es un registro español multicéntrico, prospectivo y continuo, que comenzó en 2017. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar los datos del primer informe anual y compararlos con los registros autonómicos y los estudios multicéntricos realizados recientemente en España. Métodos: Se incluyeron las personas de 75 años o más atendidas con el diagnóstico de fractura de cadera por fragilidad en alguno de los hospitales participantes en el RNFC, entre enero y octubre de 2017. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la media y desviación estándar o mediana y rangos intercuartílicos para las variables numéricas y los porcentajes para las variables categóricas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo global de la casuística y se comparó con los datos disponibles de los estudios previos mencionados. Resultados: Se registraron 7.208 personas de 54 hospitales, con una edad media de 86,7 años (DE 5,6). El 75,4% fueron mujeres y el 36,4% presentaron deterioro cognitivo previo. La demora quirúrgica media fue de 75,7 horas (DE 63,6) y la estancia media fue de 10,9 días (DE 6,7). De las personas que vivían en un domicilio antes de la fractura (75,4%), menos de la mitad (37,0%) volvieron a él tras el alta hospitalaria. Al mes, había fallecido el 7,1%. La comparación con los otros estudios mostró algunas diferencias importantes, sobre todo en la ubicación previa, en el porcentaje de pacientes institucionalizados de novo (7,7-29,4%) y en el porcentaje con tratamiento antiosteoporótico al alta (14,5-36,7%). Conclusiones: El RNFC es la mayor base de datos prospectiva que aporta datos sobre el perfil de los pacientes hospitalizados por fractura de cadera en España. La comparación con otros estudios recientes muestra algunas diferencias importantes.

RESUMO CONTEXTO As fraturas do quadril podem ser a maior complicação secundária à doença osteoporótica. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência da distribuição etária na funcionalidade, comorbidade, complicações e características cirúrgicas de idosos com fratura de quadril. MÉTODOS Um estudo prospectivo de coorte foi realizado de 2013-2014. Uma amostra de 557 adultos mais velhos, com mais de 75 anos, com fratura de quadril osteoporótica foi recrutada na Unidade Ortogeriátrica do Hospital Universitário de León (Espanha). As distribuições de idade de 75-84, 85-90 e >90 anos foram consideradas. Em primeiro lugar, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, tipo de fratura e dias de permanência hospitalar. Em segundo lugar, foram descritas funcionalidades de base (índice Barthel), ambulação, comprometimento cognitivo e comorbidades. Em terceiro lugar, determinaram-se a intervenção cirúrgica, a urgência, o tipo, os resultados da Associação Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA), a causa não cirúrgica e os tratamentos farmacológicos iniciais. Finalmente, foram observadas complicações e características na alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS As faixas etárias não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P <,05; R2 = ,000-,005) para sexo, tipo de fratura ou dias de permanência hospitalar. Foram apresentadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P <,05; R2 = ,011-,247) para o índice de Barthel, comprometimento cognitivo, demência, osteoporose, doença de Parkinson, estenose aórtica, tipo de cirurgia, pontuação ASA, causa não cirúrgica, benzodiazepínicos, antidementia, antiosteoporose, insulina, tratamentos farmacológicos, alteração da função renal, insuficiência cardíaca, destino e características de ambulação entre grupos etários. O restante das medidas não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa (P> 0,05; R2 = ,000-,010). CONCLUSÃO As distribuições de idade após 75 anos podem determinar a funcionalidade, comorbidades, características cirúrgicas, tratamentos farmacológicos de base, complicações e características na alta hospitalar de adultos mais velhos que sofrem fratura de quadril.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND Hip fractures may be the greatest complication secondary to osteoporotic disorder. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of age distribution in the functionality, comorbidity, complications and surgical features of older adults with hip fractures. METHODS A prospective cohort study was carried out from 2013 to 2014. A sample of 557 adults over 75 years old with osteoporotic hip fractures was recruited from the Orthogeriatric Unit of the León University Hospital (Spain). Age distributions of 75–84, 85–90 and >90 years old were considered. Firstly, sociodemographic data, fracture type and hospital staying days were collected. Secondly, baseline functionality (Barthel index), ambulation, cognitive impairment and comorbidities were described. Thirdly, surgical intervention, urgency, type, American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, non-surgical cause, and baseline pharmacologic treatments were determined. Finally, complications and features at hospital discharge were observed. RESULTS The age ranges did not show any statistically-significant differences (P<.05; R2=.000–.005) for gender, fracture type, or number of hospital staying days. Statistically-significant differences (P<.05; R2=.011–.247) between age groups were observed for Barthel index, cognitive impairment, dementia, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, aortic stenosis, surgery type, ASA–score, non-surgical cause, benzodiazepines, antidementia, anti-osteoporosis, insulin, pharmacologic treatments, renal function alteration, heart failure, destination and ambulation features. All other measurements did not show statistically-significant differences (P>.05; R2=.000–.010). CONCLUSION Age distributions greater than 75 years old may determine the functionality, comorbidities, surgical features, baseline pharmacologic treatments, complications and features at hospital discharge for older adults who suffer a hip fracture.